كتاب دورة الشوب درونج الانشائى Structure As Architectrue

دورة الشوب درونج الانشائى STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE LOUISE PEDERSEN and JONAS TÄLJSTEN v Index Preface.................................................................................................................. i Abstract..............................................................................................................iii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Back ground ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objective .................................................................................................................. ... 1 1.3 Limitations................................................................................................................ ... 2 1.4 Outline of thesis .......................................................................................................... 2 2 The collaboration......................................................................................... 5 2.1 A structural engineer ’s way of working ..................................................................... 5 2.1.1 The finite element method and programs used................................................... 5 2.2 An architect’s way of working.................................................................................... 6 2.3 Communication between architects and engineers..................................................... 7 2.3.1 Formfinding according to Popovic Larsen and Ty as ......................................... 8 3 The architect competition ......................................................................... 13 3.1 Our process in the museum project........................................................................... 13 3.2 Formfinding process.................................................................................................. 14 3.2.1 The outside form ............................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 The supports ...................................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 The curves ......................................................................................................... 17 3.2.4 The middle......................................................................................................... 21 3.2.5 Under ground and wind ows .............................................................................. 24 4 Optimizing the building ............................................................................ 27 4.1 Different bounda ry conditions .................................................................................. 27 4.1.1 A general beam ................................................................................................. 27 4.1.2 The Art Museum as a model in Abaqus ........................................................... 32 4.1.3 Fixed supported building .................................................................................. 33 4.1.4 Roller sup ported buil ding ................................................................................. 36 4.1.5 Roller supported building with a column in the middle ................................... 38 4.1.6 Building supported by glass walls an d cable s .................................................. 41 4.1.7 Comparing the different ways in supporting a building ................................... 45 4.2 Better material efficiency with lower density........................................................... 47 4.2.1 Concrete she ll with holes .................................................................................. 47 4.2.2 A general beam ................................................................................................. 48 4.2.3 How to make calcul ations with holes ............................................................... 49 4.2.4 A model with holes only in the areas with low stress ...................................... 51 4.2.5 A model with holes only in the areas with high deformation .......................... 52 4.2.6 A model with holes balanced over the whole body.......................................... 53 4.2.7 Comparing the three different ways in making holes in the building .............. 55 4.3 Different forms with different ma terials ................................................................... 56 4.3.1 Concrete shell or steel frame............................................................................. 56 4.3.2 A general beam ................................................................................................. 56 4.3.3 Concrete shell wi th reinforc ement .................................................................... 57 4.3.4 Steel frame......................................................................................................... 59 vi 4.3.5 Comparing the two materials ............................................................................ 62 4.4 The wholeness of the building .................................................................................. 63 4.4.1 Maze under ground and or ganic forms ab ove gr ound ...................................... 64 4.4.2 Glass windows w ith large angles ...................................................................... 65 5 Result.......................................................................................................... 67 6 Discussion................................................................................................... 69 6.1 Pros and cons in our project ...................................................................................... 69 6.2 General cooperation .................................................................................................. 70 6.3 Improvement suggestions ......................................................................................... 71 7 References .................................................................................................. 73 Appendix A – beam with fixed supports in both ends .................................. 75 Appendix B – a roller supported beam .......................................................... 77 Appendix C – a three supported beam........................................................... 79 Appendix D – reinforcement ........................................................................... 81 Appendix E – necessary size of the glass columns and of the cables............ 83 Appendix F – thickness of the walls comp ared to the length between them85 Appendix G – windows .................................................................................... 87
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